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HESI BiologySugar into ATP

Cellular RespirationHESI A2 cheat sheet

Sugar into ATP

7 key facts 5 practice questions Reviewed Oct 2026
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The Equation

  • C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

The Stages

  • Glycolysis — in the cytoplasm, glucose → 2 pyruvate, small ATP yield
  • Krebs cycle — mitochondrial matrix, releases CO₂
  • Electron transport chain — inner membrane, the big ATP payoff, O₂ is the final acceptor

Yield

  • Aerobic ≈ 36–38 ATP per glucose

Anaerobic

  • No oxygen → fermentation, only 2 ATP
  • Lactic acid in muscle; ethanol in yeast
Key takeaway

Sugar into ATP

Before you read

Test yourself first: 5 questions

Question 1 of 5

Which best describes cellular respiration?

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