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HESI ChemistryIonic and covalent rules

Naming CompoundsHESI A2 cheat sheet

Ionic and covalent rules

8 key facts 3 practice questions Reviewed Oct 2026
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Ionic

  • Metal first, nonmetal second
  • Nonmetal ending becomes -ide: NaCl = sodium chloride
  • Transition metals need a Roman numeral for charge: FeCl₃ = iron(III) chloride

Covalent

  • Use prefixes: mono, di, tri, tetra, penta
  • CO₂ = carbon dioxide; N₂O₄ = dinitrogen tetroxide
  • Drop 'mono' on the first element

Polyatomic Ions

  • sulfate SO₄²⁻ · nitrate NO₃⁻ · carbonate CO₃²⁻ · ammonium NH₄⁺ · hydroxide OH⁻

Acids

  • -ide → hydro…ic acid · -ate → …ic acid · -ite → …ous acid
Key takeaway

Ionic and covalent rules

Before you read

Test yourself first: 3 questions

Question 1 of 3

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is a(n):

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