Experimental DesignATI TEAS 7 cheat sheet

Variables and controls

9 key facts 5 practice questions Reviewed Oct 2026

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Variables

Independent — what the researcher changes
Dependent — what is measured
Controlled — everything held constant

Good Design

Change one variable at a time
Include a control group for comparison
Use a large sample and repeat the trial

Hypothesis

A testable, falsifiable prediction — often if/then
Data either supports or fails to support it; nothing is 'proven'

Validity

Bias, placebo and small samples are the usual threats

Key takeaway

Variables and controls

Before you read

Test yourself first: 5 questions

Question 1 of 5

The control group in an experiment is used to:

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