Urinary SystemATI TEAS 7 cheat sheet

Filtering and fluid balance

8 key facts 5 practice questions Reviewed Oct 2026

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Structure

Kidneys → ureters → bladder → urethra
The functional unit is the nephron

The Three Steps

Filtration at the glomerulus — water and small solutes leave the blood
Reabsorption — the body takes back water, glucose, sodium
Secretion — extra waste is added to the filtrate

Balance

ADH makes the kidney reabsorb water (concentrated urine)
Aldosterone holds onto sodium, and water follows

Also

Kidneys regulate blood pressure, pH and red cell production (erythropoietin)

Key takeaway

Filtering and fluid balance

Before you read

Test yourself first: 5 questions

Question 1 of 5

The main organs of the excretory (urinary) system that remove waste are the:

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